Comprehension
Use prior knowledge to predict and
connect with text
Readers bring information from what they already know from their experiences about the topic, type of text, and purpose for reading, to connect with what they are reading. This increases their understanding of the text and helps them anticipate what will happen next.
KEY DETAILS
Get to know this strategy
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Definition
Readers bring information from what they already know from their experiences about the topic, type of text, and purpose for reading, to connect with what they are reading. This increases their understanding of the text and helps them anticipate what will happen next.
When to teach this strategy
If you see readers who . . .
- lack knowledge of the topic they are reading about.
- do not have background knowledge to match the perspective of what is being read.
- make predictions unrelated to the text.
Why we teach it
Using prior knowledge can help students connect their own experiences with the text to anticipate, better understand, and make sense of what they are reading.
Secret to success
When you are reading, pause before and during the reading of the text to relate what you are reading to what you already know.
How we teach it
Have you ever read a story and been amazed at the many ways the text reminds you of things you already know or have experienced? Before I read a story, I try to use my prior knowledge to connect with text. I look at the cover and see if it reminds me of anything from my own life. Then I begin reading and think about ways that I am like the characters. I notice ways that our lives and experiences are the same. My prior knowledge and experiences help me make connections and enable me to understand the text better.
We might think about other books we have read that remind us of the one we are reading. Recalling other books by the same author can be helpful, too, because authors often write about similar topics or characters in their books. It is important for readers to connect with the text because it helps them understand and remember what they are reading.
Suggested language:
- What experience have you had that might be similar to what this book cover is showing you?
- What do you already know about the content, genre, or author?
- While reading: Does this part of the story remind you of anything you have done before or read before that will help you understand this section of the story better?
- How did what you already know about this topic help you understand this selection?
Instructional Pivots
Possible ways to differentiate instruction:
- If readers don't have prior knowledge, making meaning of what is read will be difficult or impossible. You'll likely need to take a moment to build background knowledge of the topic before expecting them to comprehend what is being read.
- Remind readers that the goal of using prior knowledge is to connect them to the text to better understand what is happening, which leads to better retention of what is read.
- Have readers practice sharing how they are connecting to the text, and explain how the connection is helping them understand the text more fully.
Reconsider materials, setting, instruction, and cognitive processes.
Partner Strategies
These strategies may provide support before, during, and after teaching this strategy:
- Check for Understanding; Monitor and Self-Correct
- Make and Adjust Predictions; Use Text to Confirm
- Infer and Support with Evidence
Common Core Alignment
K
1stL.1.4, L.1.5
2ndRI.2.4
3rdRL.3.4, RI.3.4, L.3.4
4thL.4.4
5thRL.5.4, RF.5.4, L.5.4
6thRL.6.4, RI.6.4
7thL.7.4
8thRI.8.4, RI.8.5
BOOKS
Books with Lessons to Help Teach This Strategy
Each book below has a coordinating lesson with an explicit example to teach this strategy. Select a book cover below, then download the lesson to see for yourself. At The Daily CAFE these were called Lit Lessons.
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A Bad Case of Tattle Tongue
By Julia Cook
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A Different Pond
By Bao Phi
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Alexander, Who's Not (Do you hear me? I mean it!) Going to Move
By Judith Viorst
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An Extraordinary Egg
By Leo Lionni
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Before She Was Harriet
By Lesa Cline-Ransome
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Bold and Brave: Ten Heroes Who Won Women the Right to Vote
By Kristen Gillibrand
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Click Clack Moo Cows That Type
By Doreen Cronin
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Don't Let the Pigeon Stay Up Late!
By Mo Willems
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Drum Dream Girl
By Margarita Engler
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Edward the Emu
By Sheena Knowles
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Emmanuel's Dream: The True Story of Emmanuel Ofosu Yeboah
By Laurie Ann Thompson
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Feathers: Not Just for Flying
By Melissa Stewart
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Fiona's Lace
By Patricia Polacco
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Frog and Toad Are Friends
By Arnold Lobel
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How Full Is Your Bucket? For Kids
By Tom Rath and Mary Reckmeyer
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I Will Never NOT EVER Eat a Tomato
By Lauren Child
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Inside Out and Back Again
By Thanhha Lai
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Mirette On The High Wire
By Emily Arnold McCully
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Miss Rumphius
By Barbara Cooney
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Muddy: The Story of Blues Legend Muddy Waters
By Michael Mahin
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Mummy Math
By Cindy Neuschwander
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Pink and Say
By Patricia Polacco
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Ruby the Copycat
By Margaret Rathmann
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Snowmen at Night
By Caralyn Buehner
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Sofa Boy
By Scott Langteau
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Strega Nona
By Tomie dePaola (retold by)
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The Brand New Kid
By Katie Couric
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The Furry Caterpillar
By Felicia Law
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The Kissing Hand
By Audrey Penn
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The Little Red Hen (Makes a Pizza)
By Philemon Sturges
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The Most Magnificent Thing
By Ashley Spires
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The Relatives Came
By Cynthia Rylant
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The Sandwich Swap
By Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah with Kelly DiPucchio
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The Very Clumsy Click Beetle
By Eric Carle
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The Very Hungry Caterpillar
By Eric Carle
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The Watermelon Seed
By Greg Pizzoli
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This Is the Dream
By Diane Z. Shore and Jessica Alexander
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Those Darn Squirrels!
By Adam Rubin
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Tikki Tikki Tembo
By Arlene Mosel
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When Sophie Gets Angry—Really, Really Angry
By Molly Bang
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Where The Wild Things Are
By Maurice Sendak
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Zoom Broom
By Margie Palatini